Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDS) is the term used for a collection of symptoms caused by an energy deficit. When individuals fail to get enough nutrition for the exercise they do, the body starts to shut down “non-essential” body systems to conserve energy.
This is an approach the human body has developed over thousands of years and would have previously allowed humans to survive through times of limited food availability.
This means the body will prioritise energy for exercise and if this energy isn’t replaced then symptoms of REDS might start to occur.
Symptoms of REDS are incredibly varied as the body can shut down several different systems depending on the severity of the energy deficit.
Common symptoms include:
Here's a complete list of body systems affected by REDs.
We know that around 48% of athletes are likely to struggle with symptoms of REDS, although some of the research suggests this could be much higher. We know now these symptoms present in male athletes.
Individuals may develop REDS through a lack of awareness of just how much energy their body requires for exercise, or it may be a conscious choice to promote weight or body changes for performance or aesthetic reasons.
To prevent symptoms from occurring or worsening, athletes are encouraged to focus on their overall energy intake to ensure they are getting enough. More specifically, we now know that athletes must ensure they are getting enough carbohydrates before, during and after any exercise they take part in to compensate for the amount needed.
Early intervention is essential to prevent long-term health effects of REDS such as reduced bone density, severe injuries, or poor mental health.
If you are worried about any symptoms you are experiencing, visit the Project REDs website to find out more and access the right support and resources for you.
Watch this video to learn about how REDs impacted international 1500m runner, Bobby Clay.
